eritrea tigray conflict

[163], The fighting has killed thousands, according to International Crisis Group. [7] On 29 November, claims that South Sudan was giving safe haven to Debretsion, led to the Ethiopian ambassador to South Sudan abruptly returning to Ethiopia, and South Sudanese diplomats in Ethiopia allegedly being given 72 hours to leave the country. "[116], According to people who were in Tigray when the war broke out and according to refugees, the EDF would then go on and kill 80–150 in Idaga Hamus on 30 November,[117][118] and kill 17 in Hadish Hiwot on 2 December after forcing the victims to loot the Goda factory. [62] Abiy Ahmed's government considered the September Tigray election to be illegal. [29][40][41], Mass extrajudicial killings of civilians took place during November and December 2020 in and around Adigrat[42] and Hagere Selam,[42] in the Hitsats refugee camp,[43] and in Humera,[44] Mai Kadra[35][45] Debre Abbay,[46][47][48] and Aksum. TPLF proposed replacing the government by a technocratic caretaker government as detailed in a plan posted on Facebook by the Coalition of Ethiopian Federalist Forces. "[78], Article 62.9 grants the House of Federation (HoF) the right to "order Federal intervention if any State [government], in violation of [the] Constitution, endangers the constitutional order. Opponents describe the Tigray People's Liberation Front also as a heavily armed ethnic nationalist[69][70][71][72] paramilitary insurgency,[73] terrorist organization,[74] political party,[75] and former ruling authoritarian regime[76] of Ethiopia. Abiy sacks the head of the military, whose top brass includes many battle-hardened Tigrayans, while on November 9, the federal government carries out more air raids in Tigray, with Abiy saying the operation will be over “soon”. [36] The founding and most influential member was the TPLF and the chairperson was Meles Zenawi, who was the Prime Minister of Ethiopia until his death in 2012. During the visit, Abiy says Eritrea has agreed to pull its forces back over the border. We urge all parties to ensure the safety and protection of civilians", "Ethiopia: UN officials allege war crimes in Tigray | DW | 05.03.2021", "Ethiopia explains legal measures in Tigray to Turkey – Turkey News", "Dışişleri Bakanı Çavuşoğlu: Etiyopya'da çatışmaların arasında kalan Türk vatandaşlar Addis Ababa'ya getirildi", "Turkish FM Çavuşoğlu, Ethiopian counterpart Demeke discuss Tigray conflict, legal measures", "Polish statement regarding the massacre in front of the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion in Aksum", "Ethiopia's conflict spills over border as thousands flee", "Situation Report EEPA Horn No. Six months ago, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed sent federal troops into Tigray for a military campaign against the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the northern region’s ruling party that had dominated national politics for decades. The TPLF dominated Ethiopian politics for nearly three decades and fought a brutal 1998-2000 border war with Eritrea that left tens of thousands dead. [146] Guld stated that 370 of the Somali troops trained by Eritrea were killed in Tigray and hundreds of others were wounded. The region has experienced rising conflict with the … [62] Ethiopian elite units were transported to Gherghera base near Asmara "as part of a security pact" between Abiy and Isaias in a plan to "strike out of existence the TPLF", according to former Eritrean Minister of Defence, Mesfin Hagos. [121], By 6 January 2021, Tigrayan forces were still in control of the mountainous areas of Tigray. Earlier this month the former president … [168] Researchers found that groups use tactics such as "copy and paste" campaigns hosted on websites, which include instructions for opening new accounts, copying and pasting pre-written tweets, and tagging influencers. At the same time, the Ethiopian army was reported to have lost hundreds of its personnel in the original battle in Dansha. [109] Fighting between the TPLF and Eritrea took place in Adi Quala, Zalembesa, Taruna, Ali Tina, Wadqomdi, and Bademe. [148], On 19 January 2021, the Somalian government denied the claim that Somali troops had trained in Eritrea and then deployed in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. According to an article by, On March 12, the US announced it would be resuming some aid to Ethiopia, which had previously been blocked by the Trump administration over the. [119] The EDF would also kill 13 boys aged 12–15 from 1 December to 14 December in Tokot. Tens of thousands of refugees flee into neighbouring Sudan, describing the horror of intense fighting, including horrific killings. [157], There have been “deeply distressing reports of sexual and gender-based violence, extrajudicial killings, [and the] widespread destruction and looting of public and private property by all parties” according to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. [89][90] While refugees interviewed by the Financial Times[91] and Reuters[92] said it was the Amhara militia who were the perpetrators Tigrayans who were the victims. Two days later, refugees interviewed by the Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and The New York Times stated that Amhara militias, including Fano,[93][94] and the ENDF[44] carried out beatings and a massacre of 20 Tigrayans in Humera. The allegiance of the assassins is unknown. [56], On 11 March 2021, the US ambassador to Ethiopia, Geeta Pasi, announced support for joint humanitarian activities by international partners and the federal government of Ethiopia. [160][161] Communications and travel links were still blocked, and Human Rights Watch warned that "actions that deliberately impede relief supplies" would violate international humanitarian law. Moreover, the fabricated Axum accusation has mutated over the last month from a 'massacre of Orthodox Christians at St. Mary's Church' to 'house-to-house' killing of civilians. After 10 days of fighting, the United Nations warns of possible war crimes in Tigray. [145][146], Guld said that the soldiers, aged from 20 to 30 years old, were secretly taken from Mogadishu and sent to Asmara for military training. Photo by: European Union in Eritrea via Facebook. [144], Somalia was involved in the Tigray War according to former head of the Somali National Intelligence and Security Agency, Abdilsalan Guld. [85][86] During the subsequent days, skirmishes continued and the Ethiopian parliament declared the creation of an interim government for Tigray. But on March 23 , Abiy finally admits that Eritrean troops had crossed the border into Tigray. The Ethiopian government denied involvement in the killing. Eritrea and Ethiopia blame the conflict on TPLF-orchestrated attacks on federal army camps in early November and describe it as a campaign to restore law and order. [95], Offensives of joint ENDF-Amhara Region-Eritrean forces into Tigray were facilitated by the intervention of "Pterosaurus" drones, launched by the United Arab Emirates from its base in Assab in Eritrea. [53] An emergency Intergovernmental Authority on Development summit of East African heads of government and state met on 20 December 2020 in Djibouti, resulting in a statement of support for the Ethiopian constitutional order and humanitarian access to Tigray Region. Eritrea’s Isaias Afwerki is fueling bloodshed in Tigray—and offering other regional leaders lessons in authoritarianism. The prime minister blames the attack on the TPLF, which was at the helm of Ethiopia’s governing coalition for nearly 30 years until he took office in 2018. On March 10, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken urges Eritrea to withdraw from the region and describes violence in western Tigray as “ethnic cleansing”. 64 – 23 January 2021", "Rockets fired from Ethiopia's Tigray hit Eritrean capital, diplomats say | DW | 15.11.2020", "Ethiopian cities hit by rockets from Tigray forces DW| 14.11.2020", "Ethiopia conflict: 'Six explosions in Eritrean capital of Asmara', US reports", "Ethiopia: Tigray forces target airports, threaten Eritrea", "Ethiopia army advances in Tigray as conflict mediation efforts ramp up", "Ethiopia crisis: Tigray leader vows to keep fighting as government advances", "Latest update on the war in Ethiopia : Defense Chief of Staff speaks", "Ethiopia: Shire Town of Tigray Captured", "Ethiopian government says troops take two towns from Tigray fighters", "Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: PM gives Tigray forces 72 hours to surrender", "Ethiopia PM says Tigray operation over after army seizes Mekelle", "What happened in Aksum? In the early hours of November 4, 2020, Abiy orders a military response to what he calls a “traitorous” attack on federal army camps in Tigray. He also suggests they may have been involved in atrocities against civilians. [96][dubious – discuss] [97][b], On 14 November 2020, Tigrayan forces launched rockets at the Eritrean capital of Asmara, but the missiles missed. [155], In February 2021, it was reported by GOAL Ethiopia, IRC, MCMDO, MSF-Spain and World Vision, that nearly one in seven children in 16 woredas and town administrations across Tigray were found to be acutely malnourished. The Abiy-appointed interim government estimates that some 4.5 million people now need food assistance. The claim that Eritrean troops are fighting in Tigray was made by the TPLF, civilians fleeing the conflict, and Eritreans inside and outside the country. Tigray’s battle-hardened, powerful military also took the lead in Ethiopia’s war against neighbouring Eritrea that raged from 1998 to 2000 over disputed border territory. What can stop Palestinians being evicted from Sheikh Jarrah? Abiy Ahmed, the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front and Ethiopia’s political crisis, Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, Intergovernmental Authority on Development, National Intelligence and Security Services, TPLF attacks on the ENDF Northern Command, beatings and a massacre of 20 Tigrayans in Humera, Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Intelligence and Security Agency, deeply distressing reports of sexual and gender-based violence, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Ethnic discrimination in Ethiopia § Tigray War, massacre in the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Africa, Chairperson of the African Union Commission, "Tigray: Atlas of the Humanitarian Situation", "Ethiopian PM confirms Eritrean troops entered Tigray during conflict", "Somalia supports Ethiopia's military actions in Tigray days after FM sacked", "Ethiopia says military operation in Tigray region is over, hunt for Tigray leaders begins", "Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Army 'takes regional capital of Mekelle, "UN: Situation in Ethiopia's Tigray now 'extremely alarming, Ethiopia’s Tigray War: A Deadly, Dangerous Stalemate, On ‘Rooftop of Africa,’ Ethiopia’s Troops Hunt Fugitive Former Rulers, "Wieder Luftangriffe der Armee in Tigray", "Factbox: The forces fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray conflict", "Battle-hardy Tigray back in spotlight as Ethiopia conflict flares", "Tigray Rebels Down Jet, Capture Pilot, One Day After Ethiopian Prime Minister Declares Victory", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2ngIwEQWqc&ab_channel=Tigrigna%E1%8B%9C%E1%8A%93, https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/253745, "Ethiopia's war in Tigray shows no signs of abating, despite government's victory claims", "Ethiopia: 550 rebels dead as Tigray offensive continues", "Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: How a soldier survived an 11-hour gun battle", "The midnight confrontation that helped unleash Ethiopia's conflict", "Ethiopia: 'We are in our homeland, the invaders are attacking us,' says Tigray's Gebremichael", "Ethiopia sends army into Tigray region, heavy fighting reported", "Exclusive: U.S. thinks Eritrea has joined Ethiopian war, diplomats say", "Ethiopia: Unlawful Shelling of Tigray Urban Areas", "Fleeing Ethiopians Tell of Ethnic Massacres in Tigray War", "Rapid Investigation into Grave Human Rights Violations in Maikadra: Preliminary Findings", "Rise and fall of Ethiopia's TPLF – from rebels to rulers and back", "Ethiopia appoints new Tigray leader, Amnesty reports 'massacre, "Inside a military base in Ethiopia's Tigray: soldiers decry betrayal by former comrades", "Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Mekelle hospital struggling after attack – Red Cross", "In Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed's forces have won the battle but not the war", "The situation in Tigray at the beginning of 2021", "Situation Report EEPA HORN No. Soldiers from Eritrea, long an enemy of Tigray’s now-fugitive leaders, have also been blamed for some of the worst human rights abuses in the Tigray conflict… A day later, Eritrea, which has denied the allegations of rape and other crimes levelled against its soldiers as “outrageous” and “a vicious attack on the culture and history of our people”, also acknowledges for the first time that its forces are taking part in the conflict and promises to pull them out of Tigray. EU pulls Eritrea funding, citing Tigray conflict, 'lack of interest'. In early November 2020, military confrontations between federal and Tigrayn regional forces in Ethiopia’s Tigray region, which borders both Sudan and Eritrea, led the Government to declare it in a State of Emergency. UN partners reported continued looting of health facilities. “Further deterioration is expected as the conflict continues and disrupts the … As tension continued to grow, a general appointed by Abiy was prevented by the Tigrayan government from taking up his military post. Mutinies were reported among the ENDF troops as some didn't want to fight the TPLF in the mountains. [87] Ethiopian offensives in the north were accompanied with airstrikes and several towns and cities were retaken. In one town over 200 people were killed and the town left deserted. [62] By contrast, the Tigray authorities saw the refusal to recognize the September 2020 election for the Tigray parliament (which, along with all elections in Ethiopia, had been delayed by the federal elections board because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia) as the reason for the outbreak of the conflict. During that time, Ethiopia and Eritrea fought a two-decade border war. Ethiopians and Eritrean in the diaspora took to the streets to protest and expresses their views. Ethiopia’s mission to the UN calls the situation in Tigray “an internal affair regulated by the laws of the country, including human rights laws”. TPLF leader Debretsion Gebremichael also says his forces have been fighting Eritrean troops “on several fronts” for the past few days. The eruption of fighting came after months of rising tensions, including Tigray’s holding of regional elections in September in defiance of the federal government, which had postponed nationwide polls due in August because of the coronavirus pandemic. Debretsion Gebremichael(President of Tigray Region, Chairman of TPLF) Fetlework Gebregziabher(Deputy Chair of TPLF) Getachew Reda(TPLF Spokesperson), (Unknown)[18][19] 1 MiG-23 aircraft[20] 1 Mi-35 helicopter[21][22](Unknown)[23][24][25], The Tigray War is an ongoing armed conflict that began around midnight of 3–4 November 2020 in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. [157] More than 50,000 people have fled to Sudan due to the conflict. “This is partly a result of parties of the conflict acting with a sense of impunity, and the lack of access to humanitarian organisations to document and hold perpetrators accountable is providing the sense that they are going to get away with what they are doing.”, Jerusalem tensions running high as Palestinians head to Al-Aqsa. The video has not been dated as of yet. [50][51] On 25–27 November, a trio of former African presidents appointed by AU chair Cyril Ramaphosa visited Ethiopia with the aim of mediating;[52] they met Abiy and representatives of the Transitional Government of Tigray that officially replaced the TPLF government. [125] On 20 February, Yemane Niguse, a prominent Tigrayan dissident was assassinated in his birth town of Hewane by unknown assailants. [128][129][130] On 23 November, the government issued an ultimatum giving the rebels 72 hours to surrender. On 4 November 2020, TPLF and Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) soldiers came into conflict during the TPLF attacks on the ENDF Northern Command headquarters in Mekelle, the Fifth Battalion barracks in Dansha, and other Northern Command bases. According to WHO, all of the functioning hospitals and health centres in Tigray had a lack of medical supplies, drugs and equipment. [99] In the late hours of 13 November 2020 TPLF-affilated forces fired a rocket towards the cities of Bahir Dar and Gondar in the Amhara Region. While fighting between the TPLF and Ethiopia continued in Zalambessa and Ethiopian forces starting moving towards Adigrat. More reports of atrocities emerge, with civilians accusing Eritrean forces of carrying out massacres and systematic rape. The ENDF gained control of Humera on 12 November. Several people were killed and the TPLF claimed the attack was carried out in "self-defence." The Chinese-made, armed drones bombed Tigrayan towns and defence forces. [134] The first UN convoy reached Mekelle on 12 December. Having rejected peace talks and international calls for an end to the fighting, Abiy says government tanks are advancing on Tigray’s capital, Mekelle. One refugee from Maekelay told them “Since the war started, we haven’t seen a single Ethiopian soldier. [37], Fighting between the TPLF and the Federal Government began with the 4 November attacks on Northern Command bases and headquarters of the ENDF in Tigray Region by TPLF-aligned security forces and with counterattacks by the ENDF in the Tigray Region on the same day, that federal authorities described as a police action. For months, Ethiopia and Eritrea flatly deny the involvement of Eritrean forces in the conflict. The TPLF repeatedly fired rockets at Eritrea after the conflict began. These protests included: Armed conflict between Tigray People's Liberation Front and Ethiopia and allies since 2020, A request that this article title be changed to, Internal displacement and forced displacement, Protests opposing the TPLF and/or supporting the federal Ethiopian government, Other maps of territorial control in this war are presented by, A few EEPA articles begin with the following injunction: ". [123] According to refugees, pro-TPLF forces used Hitsats as a base for several weeks in November 2020, killing several refugees who wanted to leave the camp to get food and, in one incident, killed nine young Eritrean men in revenge for having lost a battle against the EDF. Because of this there has been a heightened risk of outbreaks of water-born diseases and COVID-19. The federal Ethiopian authorities accused the TPLF of responsibility. On 18 February 2021, unidentified militiamen ambushed a passenger bus in Adi Mesino, killing six and injuring 10.

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